The Crown Jewels: What the Queen Wears

It is no secret that the Queen of England has one of the most impressive collection of jewelry in the world. Whether she is wearing a beautiful brooch, a jewel-encrusted tiara, or a bedazzled bracelet, Queen Elizabeth II knows how to accessorize. Interestingly, most of the pieces that she wears have spectacular stories, too. As the Queen of England, Elizabeth gets to wear tiaras to signify her position in the world. For those of us who do not get to wear tiaras on a regular basis, here is a little background on the different types of headpieces the Queen gets to wear:


A tiara is a headpiece that does not have the same weight and heft of a crown. It is often semi-circular in shape, worn to a formal occasion, and circles a majority of the head. Tiaras also are generally covered in jewels. If the tiara is a full circle, then it is technically called a circlet.


A crown is an ornamental headpiece that belongs to a king, queen, or other form of similar leader. The crown will usually be circular and will have arches. They are often decorated with jewels that have some significance in the country’s history and in the monarchy’s family.


A diadem is another term used to refer to headpieces worn by royalty. The two words diadem and tiara are synonyms, but the term diadem is more grandiloquent than tiara. For example, most people do not talk about prom queens wearing a diadem. It is truly a piece that is meant to be worn by an important person.


A bandeau is a type of headband that is somewhat like a tiara. They are highly bejeweled. They tend to be relatively the same height from the edges to the top. A tiara and circlet will have different levels in height, but the bandeau will not. It is much more subtle, but no less beautiful of a piece of jewelry than a tiara.


The kokoshnik is not native to England or other European monarchies. It originate in Russia and has been a part of their traditional costumes for centuries. Queen Elizabeth has a beautiful, highly jeweled Kokoshnik that was given to Queen Alexandra. It is a headpiece that is taller than a tiara that reaches a crescendo at the center apex of the piece. Queen Amidala from the Star Wars series often wears headdresses that would be categorized as Kokoshnik pieces. These pieces can be designed simply or they can be heavily and ornately designed so they cover all of the hair, the ears, and much of the back of the neck.


The aigrette is a type of ornamentation that is not a crown, but more of a tiny tiara. It does not necessarily have to circle the head. They often have feathers. These were popular during the Roaring ‘20s and resemble something that would be worn by Daisy in The Great Gatsby. They are much smaller than a tiara and often look more like a fancy barrette or other form of hair decoration.


A parure is a set of jewels that usually includes a necklace, tiara, earrings, and other pieces. They are often designed to have similar jewels in the same patterns. The complete set usually also includes a brooch, bracelet, and possibly even a ring, with all of the other pieces. These are usually only reserved for royalty and are often given as gifts for major life events, like a coronation, a major birthday, or a wedding. When they are named, they often include the country of the origin of the jewels or of the owner of the piece. The parure does not need to include a tiara to be an officially named parure.

The Queen’s Jewelry

In the history of jewelry, the kings and queens of England have owned some of the most amazing pieces of fine jewelry. Queen Elizabeth continues to keep priceless jewels in unforgettable settings in her personal collection.

Many of the pieces in the Queen’s collection have been given to her or to previous royals as gifts. Other pieces have been won in battles over the centuries. The Queen’s personal collection of jewels is different from the jewels that belong to the collection of the British Crown Jewels. Often, when the Queen travels out of the country, she wears pieces from her personal collection, especially since the Crown Jewels are not allowed to leave the country.

Iconic Diadems and Tiaras

One of the oldest pieces in her collection of jewels is the Diamond Diadem, which is also called the George IV State Diadem. This piece was created in 1820 and includes over 1,300 diamonds weighing just over 325 carats. It also has over 160 pearls on the base. The diadem is a crown consisting of roses, shamrocks, and thistles, which were designed to represent the three countries in the UK: England, Ireland, and Scotland. This diadem has been worn by several monarchs, including Queen Victoria and Elizabeth II. The crown has been featured on important documents, photographs, money, and postage stamps.

Another diadem that has been a part of the royal collection is the George III tiara. This tiara was designed in 1830 and it was originally designed to be worn by Queens Consorts, as a collar or necklace. This tiara was made by diamonds that were a part of George III’s collection.

The Girls of Great Britain and Ireland Tiara is another iconic piece. This tiara has been in teh collection since 1893 when it was given to Queen Mary by the girls bearing the same name as the tiara. Mary then gave the tiara to Elizabeth at her wedding. This tiara has large pearls on diamond spikes and it is one of the Queen’s favorites.

Setting the Trend for Earrings

In 1947, Queen Elizabeth received a pair of earrings called the George VI Chandelier earrings. They have three drops with every cut of diamond available at the time. Interestingly, since Elizabeth was still a princess, she did not have her ears pierced and could not wear the jewels. Once she pierced her ears, ear piercing became popular all over the world.

The Billion Dollar Brooch

Not surprisingly, Queen Elizabeth is the owner of the most valuable brooch in the entire world. The Cullinan III and Cullinan IV, known playfully as Granny’s Chips,” were cut from the diamond called Cullinan. In 1905, this diamond was given to Edward VII and then the diamond was divided in two. The pear-shaped Cullinan III weighs in at 94.4 carats and the cushion-cut Cullinan IV is 63.6 carats. The diamonds were put into one brooch with the Cullinan IV at the top and the III hanging below it. At this time, the brooch is valued over $70 billion.

There are several other pieces in the Queen’s collection, from more diadems and tiaras to brooches, coronets, necklaces, and parures. It sure does pay to be the Queen!

Famous Emerald Jewelry of Imelda Marcos

Imelda Marcos is the Widow of the 10th Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos. She was well known for her huge collections of items, most notably her shoes and her jewelry. However, much of it was confiscated by customs when they fled the country and she was forced into exile.

Much of the jewelry collection owned by Imelda Marcos contains stunning pieces with large and pure gemstones. One particular piece of jewelry that Imelda prized was her set of Emerald earrings that were made for her by jewelry designers Van Cleef & Arpel.

Photo courtesy of http://djl.net/jewels

The earrings each contained 3 carats of beautiful emeralds, near flawless and a real piece of perfection. They feature beautiful clarity that is usually not seen in emerald jewelry and the deep rich green color is just exquisite. Surrounding each emerald are beautiful glistening white diamonds. These earrings are show stoppers and are just stunning!

The Emerald Diamond drops are just a splash in the bucked of the other amazing jewelry that she had. Also a part of her collection is two other amazing emerald pieces; a necklace and another set of earrings.

The earrings are pear cut emerald of pure quality, surrounded by clear almost perfect diamonds. The estimated weight of these earrings is 7 carats each. The Emerald necklace is a massive choker style that contains huge clusters of diamonds. 7 Emeralds surrounded by diamonds hang from the diamond choker. It is estimated that the necklace is over 35 carats in weight.

All of Imelda's jewelry was impressive and there is much controversy with the jewels. It is not clear where her collections are or how they were dispersed.

Famous Imperial Mughal Spinel Necklace

There are not too many famous jewelry pieces in the world, but this one is very noteworthy. Called the Mughal Spinel Necklace, it's beautiful in every way and there is nothing else quite like it. It is estimated to be worth between $1,600,000 and $2,500,000. It has 1,131.59 carats in it and it offers eleven differently shaped spinels which are purple in color. It was remounted and reset at some point in the 19th century, estimated, into the current setting.

The spinels in the Imperial Mughal Spinel necklace are the stones that go around the front of the necklace and while each one has its own unique design, the type of stone is the same. Many of the spinels are engraved with the names of people from that time period such as Carew Spinel, Aurangzeb, and Emperor Jahangir, to name a few. These are some of the names of the royalty tht owned this piece 400 years or more ago. This necklace has an extensive history that is very interesting to read and yet astounding that it has remained intact over the years.

The spinels got their name due to the similarity of the stone to rubies, but when you look at the chemistry behind them they're two different types of stones. Spinels are a stunning stone and in this famous historic necklace they are seemingly priceless. Spinels are found in the frontier between Tajikistan and Afghanistan in a region known as Pamir. They could only be found in the Badakhshan mine at the time this necklace was created.

Fine jewelry has been around for thousands of years but it is rare to see a piece that's as extravagnat as the Imperial Mughal Spinel Necklace. With its extensive history behind it, it is not hard to understand why it's a piece that's near priceless.



by Karen Mollison, contributing editor at Chasing Treasure.com, online retailer of high quality jewelry boxes, watch cases and jewelry armoires.

Famous Busby Berkeley Bracelet owned by Marlene Dietrich

Marlene Dietrich was a famous Hollywood star of film and stage. Born in 1901 in Germany she became well known in Berlin for her film and stage shows which ultimately brought her to America. She became a US citizen in 1939 and continued her career into and throughout World War II. For the next 20 years after the war, she toured the world performing. In 1999, she was named one of the greatest female stars of all time.

She was also famous for wearing her own gorgeous jewelry in most of the films that she made. In addition, she wore mostly her own jewelry in professional photographs. Her jewelry collection was massive and had some of the best quality gemstones and diamonds in the world. She is considered to be one of the most photographed women in the world during her infamous career. She was known to make quite a fashion statement on screen and off screen and stage as well.

One of Marlene Dietrich's most well-known jewelry pieces is the famous Busby Berkeley Bracelet. It is a bold and gorgeous ruby and diamond bracelet that Marlene wore in the popular Alfred Hitchcock film called Stage Fright. The bracelet was named after the famous Hollywood director and choreographer although there is no documentation as to why. Marlene loved this bracelet and was photographed many times wearing this stunning piece but after the film, it remained in the vault and not worn often.

The bracelet was made by the famous jewelry designers Van Cleef & Arpels around 1937 and was sold by Sotherby's Auction House in New York in October 1992 after her death for around $990,000 (reportedly). The bracelet was estimated to sell for around $300,000 and was purchased by an unidentified bidder. The rest of Marlene's jewelry collections were sold in auction in 1997.

by Kaye Lefier, Contributing Editor at ChasingTreasure.com, online store specializing in wooden jewelry boxes and leather jewelry cases. Kaye is an avid Jewelry Collector and writes about Jewelry and Jewelry Trends.

Famous Jewelry - The Historic Beau Sancy Diamond

There are millions and millions of gemstones in the world and very few become famous for one reason or another. Some become famous for their size, some for their history and others because of who owned the particular stone.  Some stones become famous for all three reasons. The Beau Sancy Diamond is one of those stones.

The month of May marks a historic time in the gemstone world. Going up for auction at Sotheby's is a 400-year-old diamond that is estimated to be worth between $2 million and $4 million. This stone is known as the "Beau Sancy" and it is one of the world's oldest known diamonds to date. It weighs in at an amazing 34.98 carats. This gorgeous stone is described as being cut into a perfect, colorless, double rose cut, pear-shaped diamond.

The Beau Sancy is believed to have been originally cut from a gem mine in the Indian city of Golconda. It has famous roots as well as it once belonged to France's Qyeen Marie de Medic, who wore it atop her crown at coronation, as well as the royal families of England, the Netherlands and currently it is in Prussia, owned by the Prince of Prussia, where it has been for generations. This stone has never been owned by anyone outside of royal blood.

The diamond is traveling the world in preparation for its auction. If you are interested in bidding on the Beau Sancy, it will go up for auction in Geneva on May 14th, 2012. With a few extra dollars you can own a piece of amazing history in the form of this famous royal diamond.

by Kaye Lefier, Contributing Editor at ChasingTreasure.com, online store specializing in wooden jewelry boxes and leather jewelry cases. Kaye is an avid Jewelry Collector and writes about Jewelry and Jewelry Trends.

The Famous Jewelry of Jacqueline Kennedy

The beautiful Jacqueline Kennedy was born on July 28th, 1929 and was the wife of the 35th President of the United States, the late John F. Kennedy. Jacqueline lived a full and wonderful life until her passing on May 19th, 1994.

While her husband was president, Jacqueline became known as a fashion icon thanks to her wonderful taste in wardrobe designers along with the jewelry accessories that she wore. Her personal style was classy and elegant and she only wore the best designers. Over the years, Jacqueline acquired quite and extensive jewelry collection, some that was given to her as gifts and some that she personally purchased.

One of the most famous pieces of jewelry that Jacqueline owned and wore quite often was a gorgeous triple-strand of luminous pearls that was designed for her by American jeweler Kenneth J. Lane. Given as a gift to her by her husband, this gorgeous pearl necklace quickly became her signature statement piece. What many people did not know what that this was actually a faux pearl necklace. She was seen wearing these pearls often during her time as First Lady. After she passed away, the pearl necklace was sold for over $211,000 and they have been copied by many jewelry makers.

During their Presidency, Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy were gifted a rare strand of Margarita pearls. The Venezuelan president gifted these pearls to them when the Kennedys paid an official visit to Venezuela. The Margarita pearls are from an island off of the coast of Venezuela named Margarita Island. The pearls found there are famous for their color range and the strand given to the Kennedy's is in a yellow tone and is considered rare.

Mrs. Kennedy made her place in history by her fashion and jewelry choices. She created new fashion trends whenever she wore something new and exciting and was revered for her style and grace.

by Kaye Lefier, Contributing Editor at ChasingTreasure.com, online store specializing in wooden jewelry boxes and leather jewelry cases. Kaye is an avid Jewelry Collector and writes about Jewelry and Jewelry Trends.

Famous Jewelry - Lady Diana's Engagement Ring

From the time the world met Diana Spencer she was loved. The beautiful, shy and reserved young lady that grew up to be a princess took the world by storm.  Princess Diana was born Lady Diana Spencer Frances on July 1st, 1961 and grew up to marry the Prince of Wales, better known as Prince Charles.

Lady Diana was able to choose her own engagement ring from a collection of rings that were presented to her by Garrad Jewellers, on behalf of her future husband, Prince Charles. Lady Diana loved jewelry, especially exquisite jewels with clusters of gemstones and was very fond of sapphires and diamonds. She eventually chose an 18 kt. gold oval shaped blue sapphire that weighs approximately 7-9 carats, surrounded by 14 small round diamonds as her official engagement ring from Prince Charles. It was very similar to her mother's engagement ring and Diana loved it. It was the perfect shape and size for her beautiful and delicate hands.

After she received her engagement ring and the public saw it, many jewelry manufacturers came out with their own copies of the ring. You could find copies in the fashion jewelry market and in the gold market. It is still a highly copies style today.

The ring is now the engagement ring of Catherine Middleton, now the Duchess of Cambridge and the wife of Diana's elder son Prince William, 2nd in line to the throne of England.

This famous ring, while simple in design, has made a large impact on the world due to the love for the woman who made it famous. Lady Diana passed away August 31, 1997 but lives on in her many charities she set up and worked with and in the hearts and minds of those that revered her.

by Kaye Lefier, Contributing Editor at ChasingTreasure.com, online store specializing in wooden jewelry boxes and leather jewelry cases. Kaye is an avid Jewelry Collector and writes about Jewelry and Jewelry Trends

Heart of the Ocean Titanic Diamond

There is much conversation about the Titanic lately and about a diamond necklace that is supposed to have really existed. Was the Heart of the Ocean a real diamond or something that was created just for the movies? Well, it could be both.

It has been said that there was a blue diamond pendant on the RMS Titanic. Supposedly a necklace was given to passenger Kate Florence Phillips by her married lover, Samuel Morley. They were on their way to America to make a new life for themselves. Morley perished in the sinking which became the basis for the 1943 film Titanic as well as the 1997 remake too.  Many historians say that the original Hope Diamond is the necklace that is being referred to because of its rock history.

To bring the movie and the all-important Heart of the Ocean diamond to life for the movies, London bases jewelers Asprey & Garrard created the necklace with a blue cubic zirconia set in white gold. The cost of the necklace was approximately $10,000 back in 1997 when it was used in the film. Today, this famous prop is property of Twentieth Century Fox Studios.

However, Asprey & Garrand were also commissioned during the release of the Titanic in 1997 to make a real Heart of the Ocean necklace using the original design. The necklace they came up with was a gorgeous platinum-set, 170 carat heart-shaped Ceylong sapphire surrounded by a row of 65 diamonds, totaling 36 carats. The necklace was valued at $3.5 million at the time. It was sold a a benefit auction for the Diana, Prince of Wales Memorial Fund and Southern California's Aid for AIDS for $2.2 millions, with the condition that Celine Dion would wear it to the 1998 Academy Awards ceremony. She did indeed wear the necklace at the show and sang the film's theme song "My Heart Will Go On." The necklace reportedly belongs to the daughter of an Asprey & Garrard client.

Are you a fan of the titanic and all the romance that is wrapped up in the mystery of the famed necklace? Heart of the Ocean replica jewelry can be found online at many reputable jewelry websites and, popular as a romantic gift, the song "My Heart Will Go On" is found in this gorgeous musical trinket box that is available at Chasing Treasure.

by Jasmine Yesak, Contributing Editor at ChasingTreasure.com, online retailer of quality jewelry boxes, jewelry organizers and watch boxes. Jasmine is a Jewelry Enthusiast and Organization Consultant, she writes about Jewelry Care and Jewelry Storage Tips.

Famous Cartier Flamingo Diamond Clip owned by the Duchess of Windsor

It has been said that the Duchess of Windsor had an extensive collection of precious one of a kind jewelry from the most talented jewelers of the day. The Duchess of Windsor was named Bessie Wallis Simpson, who lived from 1896 - 1986. She was an American who married Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor, England's former King Edward VII.

The Duchess of Windsor was a controversial figure thanks to her 2 previous failed marriages to American men. The King was in love and wanted to marry her so he abdicated the throne in December 1936. After abdicating, his title became the Duke of Windsor and he married Simpson six months later. Her title became the Duchess of Windsor.

The Duchess prided herself as being one of the best-dressed women in the world and with that came beautiful accessories and jewelry. She had a very large high-end jewelry collection which was sold at auction in 1987 after her death, for a reported 30 million pounds - $50 million US dollars.

One of her most famous pieces from her collection is the amazing Flamingo Diamond Clip that was designed by Cartier back in 1940. This piece was custom-made for the Duchess. The Flamingo is standing in a customary stance and the body and legs of the bird is covered in Pave Diamonds. The plumage of the bird is in a magnificent colorful collection of rubies, sapphires, emeralds and citrine. The entire design is set in high-end platinum. A truly beautiful piece, fit for a royal with a bit of humor too.

This piece was aquired by a private collector at auction for 1.7 million pounds and has not been seen other that in replicated costume fashion jewelry. The flamingo Diamond Clip is truly a one of a kind piece of famous precious jewelry.

by Kaye Lefier, Contributing Editor at ChasingTreasure.com, online store specializing in wooden jewelry boxes and leather jewelry cases. Kaye is an avid Jewelry Collector and writes about Jewelry and Jewelry Trends.

Interesting Facts about the Famous Hope Diamond

One of the world's most famous, well known gemstones has to be the Hope Diamond. The Hope Diamond, also known as the French Blue, is believed to have been mined from the Kollus Mine, in Golconda, India back in 1668 and was purchased by Jean Baptiste Tavernier and later sold to King Louis XIV of France.

The Hope Diamond was originally a 112+ carat diamond and over the years has been re-cut several times and as of today it weighs 45.52 carats. The rarest of the rare, this diamond is a fantastic beautiful violet blue color. The color is from trace amounts of Boron that are naked to the eye. It also emits a red phosphorescence glow of sorts, after exposure to ultraviolet light. Because of this phenomenon, it is considered by many throughout the years to be cursed.

The Hope Diamond has traveled far in the hundreds of years it has been in existence. It has been owned by many different people in countries all over the world and even considered to be a stolen gemstone too. Its last owner was the famed Harry Winston, who passes away in 1978. He was persuaded to donate the gem in its necklace setting to the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History where it is the 2nd most visited historical piece in the world, after the Mona Lisa.

The setting of the diamond has changed many times over the years. Currently the pendant portion of The Hope Diamond is in a setting that is surrounded by 16 white diamonds that are done in the pear shape and cushion cuts. The necklace itself is made up of 45 white diamonds so it is a weighty, luxurious piece. It is estimated to be valued at $250 million dollars, but it actually considered to be priceless because of its extensive history.

Famous Jewelry Worn by Marilyn Monroe

Marilyn Monroe was the blonde bombshell that starred in many hit films like Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, How to Marry a Millionaire, Some Like it Hot, The Misfits, The Love Nest and many more. She was one of the most photographed women in history and is still in the hearts and minds of many even today.

It is well known that Marilyn love expensive jewelry and was very fond of glistening diamonds and sapphire jewelry, worn either separately or combined together. She was a trendsetter for everything from fashion to accessories. Men and women alike just adored Marilyn and would copy just about everything she would do.

When it came to her jewelry choices she was all about the glitz, sparkle and glam. One of Marilyn's most famous pieces of jewelry happened to be a gorgeous platinum and diamond wedding band that was given to her by Joe DiMaggio, the famous baseball player, on their wedding in 1954.

The wedding ring had 35 baguette-cut diamonds set into an eternity style band ring. The beautifully cut diamonds in this ring go around the entire circumference of the band and was prized by Marilyn for many years. Later, after her passing, the ring was sold at auction for 772,500 to an anonymous bidder.

Marilyn was also given a beautiful pearl necklace by DiMaggio during their honeymoon to Japan. This was a stunning 16 inch strand of pearls containing 44 matched pearls by the famous jewelry Mikimoto. It is said that Marilyn gave the necklace to friend Paula Strasberg. Paula's daughter Susan Strasberg, the actress, returned it to Mikimoto in 1988.

Marylin's style and grace made her a perfect model for many beautiful pieces of jewelry which can be seen in her movies.

by Kaye Lefier, Contributing Editor at ChasingTreasure.com, online store specializing in wooden jewelry boxes and leather jewelry cases. Kaye is an avid Jewelry Collector and writes about Jewelry and Jewelry Trends.

Barbara Bush's Famous First Lady Pearls

Sometimes jewelry styles and trends are made famous by the women that wear them. Barbara Bush is remembered for always wearing what has become known as the First Lady Pearls. The particular style she wore often was a 3 strand of costume pearls. Many jewelry designers copied her famous pearl necklace calling it "First Lady Pearls" and sold replicas in the retail marketplace.

When she first became First Lady of the United States other necklace styles were more popular but since she loved her costume pearls and wore them often, faux pearl necklaces became the hot, new, must-have jewelry accessories during those 4 years. She wore her "First Lady Pearls" with various business suits, both slacks and skirt suits and formal wear. When Mrs. Bush wore her famous pearl necklace, she often paired it up with a pair of single stud earrings.

Barbara Bush's main cause was improving literacy and would often be photographed wearing her First Lady Pearls while doing her work for these special literacy projects. She also embraced those who were suffering with AIDS, the HIV virus. Wife of one President and mother of another, Barbara Bush was the "First Lady of the United States" for 4 years and is married to former President George H.W Bush. She was one of the most popular first ladies and is highly admired and respected. She was first lady from 1988 through 1992.

Today, faux pearls strands are still a fashion basic accessory as well as many of the fresh water pearls that you can find in a range of different hues. It is nice to know that some jewelry trends always remain in style and you can fall back on your favorites as needed.

by Kaye Lefier, Contributing Editor at ChasingTreasure.com, online store specializing in wooden jewelry boxes and leather jewelry cases. Kaye is an avid Jewelry Collector and writes about Jewelry and Jewelry Trends.

Famous Jewelry - Elizabeth Taylor's Krupp Diamond Ring

There are certain gemstones that have made history over the years and we are going to feature one for you today. You may have heard about it if you are into gems and jewelry. The Elizabeth Taylor famous Krupp Diamond Ring is a fabulous rock that is a very impressive piece.

Back in 1968, Richard Burton paid 305,000 for a beautiful 33.19 carat Harry Winston diamond ring that he gave to his then wife, Elizabeth Taylor. The ring is called the "Krupp Diamond" because it was previously owned by the famous Vera Krupp, the wife of a German industrialist. The ring features an Asscher cut diamond, which is similar to an emerald cut. This is a very beautiful cut because the light just dances through it as this particular Asscher cut has 58 facets. The Asscher cut has become more popular the past few years and is a very desirable cut for those who like the very best in their diamond and gemstone jewelry. The Asscher cust now has been upgraded to 74 facets and is a patented cut.

Elizabeth Taylor often wore her ring and the Krupp diamond stayed in Taylor's posession from the time she received it until she passed away. Her estate did put it up for auction and it was sold after her death. In December, 2011, Christies sold the Krupp Diamond Ring for an amazing 8.8 Million dollars, including the buyer's premium. What an investment!

Besides being known for her acting, Elizabeth Taylor is also known for her beautiful jewelry and she had her very own line of perfume that is still available today for purchase. Taylor had a passion for jewelry, stating that "You can't cry on a diamond's shoulder, and diamonds won't keep you warm at night, but they're sure fun when the sun shines". At her death, Taylor's jewelry collection was reportedly worth $150 million.